Uses: Diluent for tablets and capsules. Magnesium oxide is used in solid dosage forms as an alkaline diluent. It is also used as a food additive and antacid alone or in combination with aluminum hydroxide. Magnesium oxide is also used in magnesium deficiency as an osmotic laxative and as a magnesium supplement.
Storage conditions: Magnesium oxide is stable at normal temperature and pressure. Whereas magnesium hydroxide is formed in the presence of water. Magnesium oxide is hygroscopic, and the lighter form absorbs water and carbon dioxide more rapidly than the heavier form when exposed to air. Materials in large capacity should be stored in airtight containers in a cool, dry place.
Safety: Magnesium oxide is widely used in solid dosage forms as excipients and therapeutic agents. In therapeutics, 250-500 mg should be taken orally as an antacid, and 2-5 g should be taken orally as an osmotic laxative. Magnesium oxide as an excipient (because of its laxative effect) still produces this adverse effect when taken orally in large doses, but is generally considered a nontoxic substance.
Contraindications: Magnesium oxide is a basic oxide that can react with acidic compounds in the solid state to form salts, such as dibuprofen magnesium, or degrade alkali-labile drugs. Hebei Messi Biology Co., Ltd. has studied the adsorption of various drugs on magnesium oxide, such as antihistamines, antibiotics (especially tetracycline), salicylates, atropine sulfate, scopolamine hydrobromide and anthranilic acid derivatives . Magnesium oxide can be complexed with polymers such as osmotic acrylic resins to prolong drug release and react with sodium phenobarbital in the solid state. Magnesium oxide has an adverse effect on the stability of diazepam. Magnesium oxide can affect the bioavailability of trichlorothiazide and antiarrhythmic drugs.
Source and Preparation: Magnesium Oxide is naturally present in the mineral periclase. It can be obtained by calcining the mineral magnesite or magnesium hydroxide, which can be obtained by treating seawater or brackish water with lime water. Purification methods include: crushing and sieving, dense medium separation and foam flotation. Magnesium oxide can also be prepared by thermally decomposing magnesium chloride, magnesium sulfate, magnesium sulfite, bicarbonate and alkaline carbonate 5MgO·4CO2·5H2O. Purify by filtration or sedimentation.
Regulatory Status: Listed as GRAS. It is allowed to be used as a food additive in Europe. Listed in the FDA Inactive Ingredients Guide (Oral Capsules and Tablets). UK licensed for use in non-injectable formulations.
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